MySQL Update Join 怎么用?如何通过 JOIN 更新多表数据?

文章导读
上一个 测验 下一个 使用 MySQL 更新单个数据库表中的数据,可以使用 UPDATE 语句。但是,要更新多个数据库表中的数据,我们使用 UPDATE... JOIN 语句。
📋 目录
  1. A MySQL UPDATE... JOIN
  2. B 使用 WHERE 子句的 UPDATE... JOIN
  3. C 使用客户端程序执行 Update Join
A A

MySQL - Update Join

目录
  • MySQL UPDATE... JOIN
  • 带有 WHERE 子句的 UPDATE... JOIN
  • 使用客户端程序进行 Update Join


上一个
测验
下一个

使用 MySQL 更新单个数据库表中的数据,可以使用 UPDATE 语句。但是,要更新多个数据库表中的数据,我们使用 UPDATE... JOIN 语句。

MySQL UPDATE... JOIN

通常,MySQL 中的 JOINS 用于根据匹配字段从多个表中获取行组合。由于 UPDATE 语句仅修改单个表中的数据,我们使用 JOINS 将多个表组合成一个表,然后进行更新。这也被称为跨表修改。

语法

以下是 UPDATE... JOIN 语句的基本语法 −

UPDATE table(s)
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
FROM table1 
JOIN table2 ON column3 = column4;

示例

首先创建一个名为 CUSTOMERS 的表,其中包含客户的个人信息,如姓名、年龄、地址和薪资等。

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT NOT NULL,
   NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),       
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

现在使用 INSERT 语句向该表插入数据,如下所示 −

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),
(3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),
(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ),
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );

CUSTOMERS 表将创建如下 −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 2000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

再创建一个名为 ORDERS 的表,其中包含订单详情和订单日期。

CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
   OID INT NOT NULL,
   DATE VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
   CUSTOMER_ID INT NOT NULL,
   AMOUNT DECIMAL (18, 2)
);

使用 INSERT 语句向该表插入数据,如下所示 −

INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES 
(102, '2009-10-08 00:00:00', 3, 3000.00),
(100, '2009-10-08 00:00:00', 3, 1500.00),
(101, '2009-11-20 00:00:00', 2, 1560.00),
(103, '2008-05-20 00:00:00', 4, 2060.00);

ORDERS 表显示如下 −

OID DATE CUSTOMER_ID AMOUNT
102 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 3000.00
100 2009-10-08 00:00:00 3 1500.00
101 2009-11-20 00:00:00 2 1560.00
103 2008-05-20 00:00:00 4 2060.00

使用以下 UPDATE... JOIN 查询来跨表修改多个表 (CUSTOMERS 和 ORDERS) −

UPDATE CUSTOMERS
JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID
SET CUSTOMERS.SALARY = CUSTOMERS.SALARY + 1000;

验证

从下面的 CUSTOMERS 表中可以看到,上述查询所做的更改已反映出来 −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 2000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 2500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 3000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 7500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

使用 WHERE 子句的 UPDATE... JOIN

UPDATE... JOIN 查询中的 ON 子句用于对要更新的记录施加约束。除此之外,我们还可以使用 WHERE 子句来使约束更加严格。其语法如下 −

UPDATE table(s)
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
FROM table1 
JOIN table2 ON column3 = column4
WHERE condition;

示例

观察下面的查询。在这里,我们试图为仅赚取 2000.00 的 CUSTOMERS 增加薪资 −

UPDATE CUSTOMERS 
LEFT JOIN ORDERS 
ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID 
SET SALARY = SALARY + 1000 
WHERE CUSTOMERS.SALARY = 2000.00;

验证

从下面的 CUSTOMERS 表中可以看到,薪资为 2000 的 CUSTOMERS 获得了 1000 的加薪 −

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad 3000.00
2 Khilan 25 Delhi 1500.00
3 Kaushik 23 Kota 3000.00
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai 6500.00
5 Hardik 27 Bhopal 8500.00
6 Komal 22 Hyderabad 4500.00
7 Muffy 24 Indore 10000.00

使用客户端程序执行 Update Join

除了使用 MySQL 查询连接两个或多个表外,我们还可以使用客户端程序执行 update join 操作。

语法

PHP NodeJS Java Python

要通过 PHP 程序执行 Update Join,我们需要使用 mysqli 函数 query() 执行带有 JOIN 子句的 UPDATE 语句,如下所示 −

$sql = 'UPDATE tcount_tbl INNER JOIN tutorials_tbl ON tcount_tbl.tutorial_author = tutorials_tbl.tutorial_author 
SET tcount_tbl.tutorial_count = tcount_tbl.tutorial_count + 100';
$mysqli->query($sql);

要通过 JavaScript 程序执行 Update Join,我们需要使用 mysql2 库的 query() 函数执行带有 JOIN 子句的 UPDATE 语句,如下所示 −

sql = "UPDATE Customers c JOIN Orders o ON c.ID = o.CUSTOMER_ID  SET c.SALARY = c.SALARY + o.AMOUNT";
con.query(sql);  

要通过 Java 程序执行 Update Join,我们需要使用 JDBC 函数 executeUpdate() 执行带有 JOIN 子句的 UPDATE 语句,如下所示 −

String sql = "UPDATE tcount_tbl INNER JOIN tutorials_tbl ON tcount_tbl.tutorial_author = tutorials_tbl.tutorial_author 
SET tcount_tbl.tutorial_count = tcount_tbl.tutorial_count + 100";
statement.executeUpdate(sql);

要通过 Python 程序执行 Update Join,我们需要使用 MySQL Connector/Pythonexecute() 函数执行带有 JOIN 子句的 UPDATE 语句,如下所示 −

update_join_query = "UPDATE Customers c JOIN Orders o ON c.ID = o.CUST_ID SET c.SALARY = c.SALARY + o.AMOUNT"
cursorObj.execute(update_join_query)

示例

以下是相应的程序 −

PHP NodeJS Java Python
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);
if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } // 执行 Update Join $sql = 'UPDATE tcount_tbl INNER JOIN tutorials_tbl ON tcount_tbl.tutorial_author = tutorials_tbl.tutorial_author SET tcount_tbl.tutorial_count = tcount_tbl.tutorial_count + 100'; if ($mysqli->query($sql)) { echo "Join updated successfully! \n"; } else { echo "Join could not be updated! \n"; } // 查询更新后的值 $update_res = 'SELECT a.tutorial_author, b.tutorial_count FROM tutorials_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.tutorial_author = b.tutorial_author'; $result = $mysqli->query($update_res); if ($result->num_rows > 0) { echo "Updated tutorial_count! \n"; while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { printf("Author: %s, Count: %d", $row["tutorial_author"], $row["tutorial_count"]); printf("
"); } } else { printf('No record found.
'); } mysqli_free_result($result); $mysqli->close();

输出

得到的输出如下所示 −

Join updated successfully!
Updated tutorial_count!
Author: John Paul, Count: 101
Author: Sanjay, Count: 101   
var mysql = require("mysql2");
var con = mysql.createConnection({
  host: "localhost",
  user: "root",
  password: "password",
}); //连接到 MySQL

con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  //   console.log("Connected successfully...!");
  //   console.log("--------------------------");
  sql = "USE TUTORIALS";
  con.query(sql);

  //UPDATE JOIN
  sql = "UPDATE Customers c JOIN Orders o ON c.ID = o.CUSTOMER_ID  SET c.SALARY = c.SALARY + o.AMOUNT";

  //显示更新后的数据以及 ID
  sql =
    "SELECT c.ID, c.SALARY FROM Customers c INNER JOIN Orders o  ON c.ID = o.CUSTOMER_ID";
  con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
    if (err) throw err;
    console.log(result);
  });
});    

输出

产生的输出如下所示 −

[
  { ID: 3, SALARY: '5000.00' },
  { ID: 3, SALARY: '5000.00' },
  { ID: 2, SALARY: '3060.00' },
  { ID: 4, SALARY: '8560.00' }
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class UpdateJoin {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TUTORIALS";
      String username = "root";
      String password = "password";
      try {
         Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
         Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
         Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
         System.out.println("Connected successfully...!");

         //MySQL Update JOIN...!;
         String sql = "UPDATE tcount_tbl\n" + 
         "INNER JOIN tutorials_tbl ON tcount_tbl.tutorial_author = tutorials_tbl.tutorial_author\n" + 
         "SET tcount_tbl.tutorial_count = tcount_tbl.tutorial_count + 100\n";
         statement.executeUpdate(sql);
         System.out.println("tutorial_count updated successfully...!");

         //获取记录...!;
         ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT a.tutorial_author, b.tutorial_count FROM tutorials_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.tutorial_author = b.tutorial_author");
         while (resultSet.next()){
            System.out.println(resultSet.getString(1)+ " "+ resultSet.getInt(2));
         }
         connection.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e);
      }
   }
}  

输出

得到的输出如下所示 −

Connected successfully...!
tutorial_count updated successfully...!
John Paul 201
Sanjay 201
import mysql.connector
#建立连接
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password',
    database='tut'
)
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
update_join_query = f"""UPDATE Customers c JOIN Orders o ON c.ID = o.CUST_ID SET c.SALARY = c.SALARY + o.AMOUNT"""
cursorObj.execute(update_join_query)
connection.commit()
print("updated successfully")
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

输出

上述代码的输出如下所示 −

updated successfully