Bootstrap 布局怎么做?

文章导读
Previous Quiz Next 本章将讨论 Bootstrap 表单布局。通过表单布局选项为您的表单添加结构,从内联布局到水平布局,再到实现自定义网格。
📋 目录
  1. 表单布局
  2. 工具类
  3. 表单网格
  4. 间距
  5. 水平表单
  6. 水平表单标签尺寸
  7. 列尺寸
  8. 自动尺寸
  9. 示例
  10. 行内表单
A A

Bootstrap - 表单布局



Previous
Quiz
Next

本章将讨论 Bootstrap 表单布局。通过表单布局选项为您的表单添加结构,从内联布局到水平布局,再到实现自定义网格。

表单布局

  • Bootstrap 为 <form> 元素不提供默认样式,但有一些浏览器默认提供的突出显示效果。每个表单字段组必须位于 <form> 元素内。

  • 请确保为 <form> 中的 <button> 指定并包含 type 属性,因为它们默认值为 type="submit"

  • 表单默认垂直堆叠。Bootstrap 对几乎所有表单控件使用 display: blockwidth: 100%。要更改每个表单的布局,请使用额外的 class。

工具类

  • 要为表单添加一些结构,应使用 margin utilities。使用标签、控件、可选表单文本和表单验证消息的基本分组。

  • 为保持一致性,建议坚持使用 margin-bottom utilities,并在整个表单中使用单一方向。

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Layout </title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="formGroupExampleInput" class="form-label">Username</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput" placeholder="Username">
      </div>
      <div class="mb-3">
        <label for="formGroupExampleInput2" class="form-label">Password</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput2" placeholder="password">
      </div>
    </body>
    </html>

表单网格

使用 grid classes 构建更复杂的表单。为需要多列、不同宽度和额外对齐选项的表单布局形成网格。您需要使用 $enable-grid-classes 启用 Sass 变量。

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="row mt-2">
        <div class="col">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" aria-label="Username">
        </div>
        <div class="col">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" aria-label="Password">
        </div>
      </div>
    </body>
    </html>

间距

要控制行内和块方向的 gutter 宽度,请使用 gutter 修饰类。通过使用 $enable-grid-classes 你可以启用 Sass 变量。

示例

你可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="row g-3 mt-2">
        <div class="col">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" aria-label="Username">
        </div>
        <div class="col">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" aria-label="Password">
        </div>
      </div>
    </body>
    </html>

使用网格系统创建更复杂的布局。

示例

你可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
    </head>
    <body>
      <form class="row g-3">
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="inputFirst" class="form-label">First name</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputFirst">
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="inputLast" class="form-label">Last name</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputLast">
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="inputEmail" class="form-label">Email</label>
          <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail">
        </div>
        <div class="col-6">
          <label for="inputPassword" class="form-label">Password</label>
          <input type="Password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="password">
        </div>
        <div class="col-12">
          <label for="inputAddress" class="form-label">Address</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="Address">
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="inputAdharno" class="form-label">Adharcard no</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAdharno">
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <label for="inputMobno" class="form-label">Mobile no</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputMobno">
        </div>
        <div class="col-12">
          <div class="form-check">
            <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck">
            <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
              I agree to terms and conditions
            </label>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-12">
          <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
        </div>
      </form>
    </body>
    </html>

水平表单

  • 使用 .row class 来创建组,以结合网格制作水平表单。使用 .col-*-* class 来定义标签和控件宽度。

  • 要使表单与其关联的表单控件垂直居中,请对 <label> 使用 .col-form-label class。

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项来编辑并尝试运行此代码。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
       <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
       <meta charset="UTF-8">
       <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
       <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
       <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
    </head>
    <body>
      <form>
        <div class="row mb-3">
          <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
          <div class="col-sm-10">
            <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3">
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="row mb-3">
          <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
          <div class="col-sm-10">
            <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3">
          </div>
        </div>
        <fieldset class="row mb-3">
          <legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Language Known</legend>
          <div class="col-sm-10">
            <div class="form-check">
              <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" name="gridCheck" id="gridCheck1" value="option1" checked>
              <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
                English
              </label>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check">
              <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox"  name="gridCheck" id="gridCheck2" value="option2">
              <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck2">
                Hindi
              </label>
            </div>
              <div class="form-check">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox"  name="gridCheck" id="gridCheck2" value="option2">
                <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck2">
                  marathi
                </label>
             </div>
            <div class="form-check disabled">
              <input class="form-check-input"type="checkbox"  name="gridCheck" id="gridCheck3" value="option3" disabled>
              <label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck3">
                Others
              </label>
            </div>
          </div>
        </fieldset>
        <div class="row mb-3">
          <div class="col-sm-10 offset-sm-2">
            <div class="form-check">
              <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" id="gridRadio1">
              <label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadio1">
                Radio Button
              </label>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
      </form>
    </body>
    </html>

水平表单标签尺寸

.col-form-label-sm.col-form-label-lg 类应用到你的 <label><legend> 上,以分别匹配 .form-control-sm.form-control-lg 的大小。

示例

你可以使用 Edit & Run 选项来编辑并尝试运行这段代码。

  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="row mb-3">
      <label for="colFormSm" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm">Username</label>
      <div class="col-sm-10">
        <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="colFormSm" placeholder="Username">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row mb-3">
      <label for="colFormLabel" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
      <div class="col-sm-10">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="colFormLabel" placeholder="Password">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <label for="colFormLg" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg">Email</label>
      <div class="col-sm-10">
        <input type="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="colFormLg" placeholder="email">
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
  </html>

列尺寸

如前一个示例所述,grid system 允许在 .row 内使用任意数量的 .cols。它们会平均分配可用宽度。你也可以使用特定的列类如 .col-sm-7,来选择部分列占用更多或更少的空间,而剩余的 .col 则平均分配其余空间。

示例

你可以使用 Edit & Run 选项来编辑并尝试运行这段代码。

  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="row g-3">
      <div class="col-sm-6">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Email" aria-label="Email">
      </div>
      <div class="col-sm-3">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Mobile no" aria-label="Mobile no">
      </div>
      <div class="col-sm-2">
        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Age" aria-label="Age">
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
  </html>

自动尺寸

在下面的示例中,使用 flexbox utility 将内容垂直居中,并将 .col 改为 .col-auto。这样列只会占用它所需的空间。换句话说,列的大小取决于内容。

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form class="row gy-2 gx-3 align-items-center">
      <div class="col-auto">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="inputName">Name</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputName" placeholder="Name">
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="inputGroup"></label>
        <div class="input-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputGroup" placeholder="Username">
          <div class="input-group-text">@gmail.com</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="selectLanguage">Language</label>
        <select class="form-select" id="selectLanguage">
          <option selected>Choose...</option>
          <option value="1">English</option>
          <option value="2">Hindi</option>
          <option value="3">Marathi</option>
        </select>
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck">
          <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck">
            Remember me
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
      </div>
    </form>
  </body>
  </html>

然后您可以再次使用特定尺寸的 column classes 进行 remix。

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项编辑并尝试运行此代码。

  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form class="row gx-3 gy-2 align-items-center mt-2">
      <div class="col-sm-3">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="inputName">Name</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputName" placeholder="Name">
      </div>
      <div class="col-sm-3">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="specificSizeInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
        <div class="input-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="specificSizeInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Email">
          <div class="input-group-text">@gmail.com</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-sm-3">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="selectLanguage">Language</label>
        <select class="form-select" id="selectLanguage">
          <option selected>Choose...</option>
          <option value="1">English</option>
          <option value="2">Hindi</option>
          <option value="3">Marathi</option>
        </select>
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck2">
          <label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck2">
            Remember me
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-auto">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
      </div>
    </form>
  </body>
  </html>

行内表单

  • 要构建响应式水平布局,请使用类 .row-cols-*

  • 使用 gutter modifier classes 来在水平和垂直方向上添加 gutters。

  • 在狭窄的移动视口中,.col-12 可用于堆叠表单控件等。

  • 要将表单元素居中对齐并使 .form-check 正确对齐,请使用类 .align-items-center

示例

您可以使用 Edit & Run 选项来编辑并尝试运行此代码。

<!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
     <title>Bootstrap - Layout</title>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
     <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
     <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"> </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form class="row row-cols-lg-auto g-3 align-items-center">
      <div class="col-12">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
        <div class="input-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username">
          <div class="input-group-text">@gmail.com</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    
      <div class="col-12">
        <label class="visually-hidden" for="selectLanguage">Language</label>
        <select class="form-select" id="selectLanguage">
          <option selected>Choose...</option>
          <option value="1">English</option>
          <option value="2">Hindi</option>
          <option value="3">Marathi</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    
      <div class="col-12">
        <div class="form-check">
          <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck">
          <label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
            Remember me
          </label>
        </div>
      </div>
    
      <div class="col-12">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
      </div>
    </form>
  </body>
  </html>